A third option is for the farmer to erect a small turbine for on-site use, and sell excess power back to the utility. A number of farmers in the Midwest and elsewhere do just this. Small-scale turbines require an up-front investment around $3,000 per kW.

The turbine’s size is chosen to meet energy requirements given the available wind resource. Turbines with power ratings from 1 kW to 25 kW are typically used, but can range up to 50 kW or more. The actual space required for a small wind turbine tower is quite small, but as a general rule at least one-half acre is recommended for installation.

Usually a tower between 80 and 120 feet in height is supplied with the wind turbine. Towers of this height raise the turbine above turbulence generated by obstacles (such as buildings and trees) on the ground. Also, wind velocity increases with greater altitude, so wind turbine performance improves with height.

Hybrid systems – wind/photovoltaic, wind/diesel, and other combinations – can often provide the most efficient and cost-effective option for rural electrification. Photovoltaics – the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity – are often used to supplement wind power since PV tends to operate best in low wind months. Diesel generators or batteries can be used for backup power and to maintain power production during low wind seasons.

If you’re looking at a small on-farm system, begin with these resources:

Small Wind Systems, American Wind Energy Association

Small Wind Resources and Tools for Homeowners, Ranchers, Small Businesses, US Department of Energy

 Wind Energy FAQs for Consumers, US Department of Energy

Clean Power Estimator, National Wind Technology Center